Describe and explain the process of separating the many hydrocarbons in crude oil into fractions using fractional distillation.
Relate trends in the properties of hydrocarbons—specifically boiling point, viscosity, and flammability—to their molecular size.
Understand how the properties of hydrocarbons influence their separation during distillation and their subsequent use as fuels.
Recall that separated fractions can be processed to produce everyday fuels like petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gases.
Explain how modern life is crucially dependent on hydrocarbons for fuels and as feedstock for the petrochemical industry to produce solvents, lubricants, polymers, and detergents.
Write balanced equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, recognizing that carbon and hydrogen are oxidised to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Calculate and relate molecular sizes to physical trends using ideas from covalent bonding.
