Describe the effect of changes in temperature, concentration, pressure, and surface area on the rate of reaction.
Suggest and apply practical methods for determining the rate of a given reaction.
Calculate the mean rate of a chemical reaction by measuring the quantity of a reactant used or product formed over time.
Identify the appropriate units for rate of reaction, such as g/s, cm³/s, or mol/s (Higher Tier only).
Determine reaction rates by measuring the loss in mass of a mixture, the volume of gas produced, or the time for a solution to become opaque or coloured.
Draw and interpret graphs showing the quantity of product formed or reactant used up against time to compare rates.
Draw tangents to curves on rate graphs to estimate the rate of reaction.
Calculate the gradient of a tangent to a curve as a precise measure of the rate of reaction at a specific time (Higher Tier only).
