Genetic Engineering

Describe genetic engineering as an advanced process that modifies an organism's genome to introduce entirely new, desirable characteristics.

Describe the main steps involved in the process of genetic engineering, including the use of enzymes and vectors like bacterial plasmids or viruses to transfer genes.

Explain how selected genes from one organism can be successfully transferred to another organism, regardless of whether they belong to the same species.

Understand that genes must be transferred to the cells of animals, plants, or microorganisms at an early developmental stage to ensure the organism develops the desired characteristics.

Define genetically modified (GM) crops and identify common modifications, such as increased yields, enhanced nutritional value, and resistance to insect attacks or herbicides.

Explain how GM crops can reduce the need for agricultural pesticides and allow for the selective use of herbicides to kill weeds without harming the crop.

Discuss significant ecological concerns regarding GM crops, such as the potential for cross-pollination affecting wild flower and insect populations, and the risk of insects evolving resistance to the modified crops.

Evaluate the potential benefits and significant risks—including practical, economic, and environmental considerations—of using gene technology in modern agriculture.