The Earth's Atmosphere

Explain how scientists develop theories about the Earth's early atmosphere using historical evidence that may be incomplete or uncertain.

Understand the critical role of the carbon cycle in relation to global climate change driven by human activities.

Evaluate the use of complex climate models and simplifying assumptions by climate scientists to predict and mitigate climate change.

Assess the local environmental and health impacts of human-caused pollution, including traffic emissions and sewage-contaminated water supplies.

Describe the cycling of water through the environment and its crucial importance to living organisms.

Analyze the technologies developed to purify drinking water and treat sewage to prevent environmental harm.

Conduct practical investigations, such as using distillation to purify water.