Discuss the significant human and financial costs of non-communicable diseases at the individual, local community, national, and global levels.
Explain how specific lifestyle factors, crucially including diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking, heavily influence the incidence of non-communicable diseases.
Understand that risk factors, which increase the rate of disease, can be direct aspects of a person's lifestyle or substances present in their body or physical environment.
Differentiate between risk factors where a biological causal mechanism has been proven and those where a link is merely correlational.
Evaluate the proven effects of diet, smoking, and exercise levels on the development of cardiovascular disease.
Identify obesity as a major, proven risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Explain the highly damaging physiological effects of alcohol consumption on liver and brain function.
Explain the negative impact of smoking on respiratory health, including its direct role in lung disease and lung cancer.
Describe the detrimental effects of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on unborn babies.
Identify chemical carcinogens, as well as ionising radiation, as critical risk factors for developing various forms of cancer.
Understand that many complex diseases are the result of the interaction of a number of different lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
Apply the principles of scientific data sampling to accurately analyze patterns in risk factors.
Translate risk factor information between graphical and numerical forms, and extract/interpret vital data from charts, graphs, and tables.
Use scatter diagrams to identify and analyze correlations between specific variables related to lifestyle and disease risk.
