Understand the principle of conservation of energy: energy can be transferred usefully, stored, or dissipated, but it can never be created or destroyed.
Describe scenarios where energy transfers occur within a closed system, and explain that there is no net change to the total energy of that system.
Describe, utilising practical examples, how energy is dissipated in all system changes, resulting in energy being stored in less useful ways (often referred to as 'wasted' energy).
Explain effective methods for reducing unwanted energy transfers, such as the application of lubrication and the use of thermal insulation.
Understand that the higher the thermal conductivity of a specific material, the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across that material.
Describe how the rate of cooling of a building is directly affected by the thickness and the thermal conductivity of its structural walls.
Investigate practically the thermal conductivity characteristics of various materials using rods of different compositions.
