Define a strong acid as one that completely ionizes within an aqueous solution, identifying hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acids as key examples.
Define a weak acid as one that only partially ionizes within an aqueous solution, identifying ethanoic, citric, and carbonic acids as key examples.
Understand the relationship that, for a constant concentration, the stronger an acid is, the lower its resulting pH value will be.
Explain the mathematical principle that as pH decreases by one numerical unit, the hydrogen ion concentration proportionately increases by a factor of 10.
Differentiate and accurately use the terms dilute and concentrated in regard to the physical amount of substance present.
Differentiate and accurately use the terms weak and strong in regard to the chemical degree of ionization for acids.
Describe neutrality and relative acidity in detailed terms of the quantitative effect on hydrogen ion concentration and the integer value of the pH scale.
