Properties of Metals and Alloys

Explain that standard metals possess massive giant structures comprised of atoms bound completely by immensely strong metallic bonding.

Conclude that this intensive internal bonding predictably means that most standard metals natively present exceptionally high melting and boiling points.

Describe the internal structure of pure metals, noting atoms are flawlessly arranged in uniform layers, which naturally allows pure metals to be easily bent and physically shaped under pressure.

Understand that pure metals are generally far too soft for many demanding practical uses and so must be deliberately mixed with other trace metals to systematically manufacture alloys that are physically harder.

Explain structurally exactly why engineered alloys are noticeably harder than standard pure metals, emphasizing the intentional distortion of the regular smooth layers of atoms within the internal structure of the formerly pure metal.