Describe cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in all living cells to supply energy.
Identify the main uses of cellular energy, including the synthesis of larger molecules, muscular movement, and thermoregulation.
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of oxygen requirement, the products formed, and the relative amounts of energy transferred.
Recognise the chemical symbols for glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water (C6H12O6, O2, CO2, H2O).
State the equation for aerobic respiration:
[ \text{glucose} + \text{oxygen} \rightarrow \text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water} ]
State the equation for anaerobic respiration in mammalian muscles and note the incomplete oxidation of glucose:
[ \text{glucose} \rightarrow \text{lactic acid} ]
State the equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells:
[ \text{glucose} \rightarrow \text{ethanol} + \text{carbon dioxide} ]
Explain the economic importance of anaerobic respiration in yeast (fermentation) for the production of bread and alcoholic beverages.
